Entrepreneurial Leadership

Entrepreneurial Leadership Introduction The purpose of this paper is to discuss the concept of entrepreneurial leadership. I will start by discussing the common elements of entrepreneurial leadership and the leadership style of entrepreneurship. Lastly, I will discuss how new entrepreneurs use resources and tools available through Small Business Administration and SCORE. By definition, entrepreneurial leadership is seen as leadership that creates visionary scenarios that are used to assemble and mobilize a supporting cast of participants who become committed by the vision to the discovery of exploitation of strategic value creation. Entrepreneurial leadership requires three key dimensions: (1) being inclined to take more business-related risks: (2) favoring change and innovation to obtain competitive advantage; and (3) competing aggressively with other firms. (Vipin Gupta 2004) Common Elements: Discuss the common elements described in the theories/philosophies of Case, Kouzes, and Drucker including how their principles/strategies relate to the new definition of entrepreneurial leadership presented in Understanding Entrepreneurial Leadership in todays Dynamic Markets. Leadership Style: Discuss your leadership style or the style you aspire to be and how it compares to transactional, transformation, visionary, charismatic, principled, and entrepreneurial leadership. According the article Understanding Entrepreneurial Leadership in Todays Dynamic Markets, the new definition of entrepreneurial leadership is one of an enterprising, transformational leader who operates in a dynamic market that offers lucrative opportunities. Transformational leader dimensions include clarity, communication, consistency, caring, creating opportunities, self-confidence, power need and its use and vision. (Understanding Entrepreneurial Leadership) Entrepreneurial leaders are also believe that have helped develop and sustain the elements of organizational culture, which includes adaption, how people deal with external forces and the need to change, goal achievement, the nature of organizational goals. The strengths of entrepreneurial leaders are that they excel in leading firms that compete on the edge, have ability for learning and knowledge generation, can handle sudden change, and understand their resources and capabilities. (Understanding Entrepreneurial Leadership) The style of leadership that I would describe myself as having is between participative and delegative leadership. I consider myself to be a participative leader meaning that I accept input from other group members when making decisions and solving problems, but I would retain the final say when choices are made. In my opinion, group members would be more encouraged and motivated by this style of leadership. Also being a participative leader leads to more effective and accurate decisions, since no leader can be an expert in all areas. Input from group members with specialized knowledge and expertise creates a more complete basis for decision-making. On the other hand, delegative leaders allow group members to make decisions, which is a best practice tool in situations where the leader needs to rely on qualified employees. The leaders cannot be an expert in all situations, therefore it is important to delegate certain tasks to knowledgeable and trustworthy employees. These types of leadership fall under the category of transformational leaders, conforming to network and coworkers in the best fashion in order to benefit the organization while still sharing ideas. Transactional leaders believe that people are motivated by reward or punishment. These type of leaders give clear instructions to followers about what their expectations are and are rewarded when expectations are meet and punished when failure of expectations occur. (Transitional Leadership) Charismatic leaders are seen more as brave risk takers; Visionary leaders look at the bigger picture to its entirety; and Principled Leaders are revolves around morality and ethical standards. Their policies include the rights and wrongs. Tools for Small Businesses: As a new entrepreneur, discuss how you would use resources and tools available through the Small Business Administration and SCORE. In recent months, the United States Small Business Administration created expansion plans and online endeavors, offering a new website that consolidates the agencys free training courses, counseling materials and tools. (Klonsky 2010) This type of information is extremely important for new entrepreneurs, as new entrepreneurs tend to lean on the government for everything from starting up a new business to acquiring business loans to finding potential opportunities for growth. With the newly offering of the Small Business Administration, there are numerous program offers that serve as resourceful tools for new entrepreneurs. The agency now offers 30 virtual training courses, partnered with Google to provide marketing tips and strategies, and host Facebook and Twitter pages with regular news updates. (Klonsky 2010) Considering that the Small Business Administration are offering these programs, it would be at the advantage of any new entrepreneur to take heave to this programs. Listed below are a few programs that SBA currently offers for new entrepreneurs: Training courses and videos Small Business Training Network contains a wealth of virtual courses, videos and podcasts to help entrepreneurs move up from the ground floor. Each of the 30 courses offers a 30-to-35 minute lesson in areas ranging from finance and accounting to strategic marketing to retrofitting a business. (Klonsky 2010) Live Web Chats Partnership with Google Business Planner, Templates and Success Stories SCORE and Other Sites Research and Data The resource tool, SCORE, is considered the most comprehensive resource provided by the Small Business Administration. SCORE provides tools, links and advice for entreprenuers, along with providing business templates, workshops for assessment, quizzes, podcasta and how-to-guides. SCORE also features success stories for specific industry and interest areas. Personal Principles of Leadership: If you were to create your personal principles of leadership, what would they be and explain why you would chose them.

Alternative Education

Alternative Education is expected to meet the needs of those students who are not ensuing in conventional setting. Students are provided with several options that can lead to graduation. They are offered with support services that are essential to their success (Fantini, 2005). Alternative education has models, which are based on the programs philosophy and the desires of the students (Fantini, 2005). There are those that follow a community affiliation model that features alliance with the larger community.Some combine academics with a vocational intervention that focuses on making school more meaningful at the same time preparing students for the workforce (Cantrell, 2001). The programs offered range from actual schools to programs within schools to single classrooms. By year 2000, it was estimated that over 15 percent of the students enrolled in public education and in some countries, a student attended a public school that he wanted.Since 1500, there have been private schools, ins ular schools or home schooling alternatives for those, who could manage to pay for himself or herself or whose beliefs dictated an exacting loom to education. Current history Alternative schooling has become widely important especially in public schools. It originated in United States but it is gaining popularity in other nations (Greene, 2006). The developments that we see in these schools originated from an effort of parents and teachers.They were experimenting how they can discover better ways of educating their sons and daughters and amalgamate educational ideas from some of the acknowledged educational leaders. It is important to note that practices developed in early schools of choice are contributing to local, state, and national efforts to improve public education in all countries (Fantini, 2005). Alternative schooling that has succeeded for more than thirty years is not only considered to be effective in teaching all kinds of students but also highly attractive to parents a nd students (O’Brien & Thesing, 2001).

The Confidential Secrets for College Homework Revealed

The Confidential Secrets for College Homework Revealed What You Should Do to Find Out About College Homework Before You're Left Behind For instance, if you're ordering an audio assignment, third parties aren't going to understand whom it is that has requested the paper. Even when you have a hard undertaking or a burning deadline, we're always prepared to complete it! Be smart about sneaking in tiny bits of homework so that you're able to conquer the larger assignments piece by piece. In such a scenario, college homework helper can be an excellent salvation and will solve the majority of the arising difficulties, while students receive an opportunity to concentrate on other assignments. In fact, there are dozens and dozens of thousands of students that are not always absorbed in classes since they wish to do other things too alongside study. 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bell hooks Bringing Feminism to the Dinner Table

bell hooks is a contemporary feminist theorist who deals with issues of race, gender, class, and sexual oppression. Born Gloria Watkins, she took her pen name from her maternal great-grandmother as a way to honor her women ancestors and chose to use lowercase letters to get away from the ego associated with names. She has provided commentary on a wide range of topics from popular culture and writing to self-esteem and teaching. Biography bell hooks was born in Kentucky on September 25, 1952. Her early life was marked by dysfunction. Her father, in particular, represented the fierce oppression she would come to associate with the patriarchy. A need to escape her tumultuous home life was what first led hooks to poetry and writing. This love of the written word would later inspire her to comment on the healing power of critical thinking. In her early years, hooks combined her love of reading with public speaking, often reciting poems and scriptures in her church congregation. Growing up in the south also instilled in her a fear of doing or saying the wrong thing. These early fears almost discouraged her from pursuing her love of writing. She received almost no support from her family, who felt that women were better suited for a more traditional role. The social atmosphere of the then-segregated south added to their discouragement. hooks chose to rebel against this by adopting her great-grandmothers name and creating another self that was linked to female ancestors who were defiant in their need to achieve speech. By creating this other self, hooks empowered herself to fight back against the opposition that surrounded her. First Book hooks began to write her first book, Aint I a Woman: Black Women and Feminism, while she was an undergraduate at Stanford. After receiving her baccalaureate degree in 1973, hooks enrolled in graduate school at the University of Wisconsin, where she earned a Masters in English. She next entered a doctoral program at the University of California at Santa Cruz. For the next few years, hooks worked hard on her dissertation about the novelist Toni Morrison. At the same time, she completed her manuscript of Aint I a Woman and published a book of poetry. College Teaching While seeking a publisher, hooks began teaching and lecturing at various colleges along the West Coast. She finally found a publisher for her book in 1981 and two years later received her doctorate. It took hooks eight years to publish Aint I a Woman, which was part of her efforts to bring the cultural concerns of African American women into the mainstream feminist movement. hooks had long been troubled by the absence of women of color in womens studies courses. Like others before her, hooks found the mainstream feminist movement had focused mostly on the plight of a group of white, college-educated, middle- and upper-class women who had little to no stake in the concerns of women of color. Research and Writing on Women of Color In her research, hooks found that historically, women of color often found themselves in a double-bind. By supporting the suffrage movement, they would have to ignore the racial aspect of womanhood and if they supported the Civil Rights movement, they would be subjected to the same patriarchal order that dogged all women. By shining a light on the racism inherent in the mainstream feminist movement, hooks found herself faced with monumental resistance. Many feminists found her book to be divisive and some questioned its academic integrity due to the absence of footnotes. However, this unorthodox writing style would soon become a trademark of hookss style. She maintains that her method of writing is meant to make her work accessible to everyone, regardless of class, access, and literacy. In her next book, Feminist Theory From Margin to Center, hooks wrote a philosophical work that was grounded in black feminist thought. It was about the need to articulate and recognize a feminist theory of empowerment that was accessible to people of color. In this book, hooks argues that feminists have not succeeded in creating political solidarity with women of different ethnicities or socioeconomic classes. She feels there needs to be a more transformative politics that is not as rooted in Western ideology. hooks has always argued for solidarity: between genders, between races, and between classes. She believes that antimale sentiments reinstitute the ideology that feminism aims to change. hooks states that if there is to be liberation for women, men must also play a role in the struggle to expose, confront, oppose, and transform sexism. Though she has often been accused of being confrontational, hooks has never wavered in her belief that change is a painful and disconcerting process. She continues to believe in the transformative power of language and has become a master at turning private pain into public energy. hooks has always believed that silence is crucial to the ongoing practices of domination. She remains interested in bridging the gap between the public and the private. For hooks, using her status as a public intellectual to link communal voices is a way to educate and empower. Speech, hooks believes, is a way to transform from object to subject. In 1991, hooks collaborated with Cornel West for a book entitled Breaking Bread, which was written as a dialogue. Both were primarily concerned with the notion of a black intellectual life centered in the African American community. They believe rigid lines of separation found in public intellectualism have compromised this intellectual life. hooks argues that black women, in particular, have been silenced as serious critical thinkers. For hooks, this invisibility is both due to institutionalized racism and sexism, which is reflected in black womens lives both inside and outside of the academy. hookss focus on marginality inside and outside of the academy led her to study more closely the nuances of domination found within popular culture. In subsequent works, hooks has critiqued representations of blackness, focusing particularly on gender. hooks continues to produce many books and other writings. She still believes that critical examination is key to gaining self-empowerment and overthrowing systems of domination. In 2004, hooks began teaching as a distinguished professor in residence at Berea College. She continues to be a provocative feminist theorist and still gives lectures. Books and Publications And There We Wept: PoemsAint I a Woman?: Black Women and FeminismFeminist Theory: From Margin to CenterTalking Back: Thinking Feminist, Thinking BlackYearning: Race, Gender, and Cultural PoliticsBreaking Bread: Insurgent Black Intellectual Life (with Cornel West)Black Looks: Race and RepresentationSisters of the Yam: Black Women and Self-recoveryA Womans Mourning SongTeaching to Transgress: Education As the Practice of FreedomOutlaw Culture: Resisting RepresentationsArt on My Mind: Visual PoliticsKilling Rage: Ending RacismReel to Real: Race, Sex, and Class at the MoviesBone Black: Memories of GirlhoodWounds of Passion: A Writing LifeHappy to be NappyRemembered Rapture: The Writer at WorkAll About Love: New VisionsFeminism is for Everybody: Passionate PoliticsWhere We Stand: Class MattersSalvation: Black People and LoveJustice: Childhood Love LessonsBe Boy BuzzCommunion: The Female Search for LoveHomemade LoveRock My Soul: Black People and Self-esteemThe Will to Change: Men, Masculin ity, and LoveTeaching Community: A Pedagogy of HopeSkin AgainSpaceWe Real Cool: Black Men and MasculinitySoul Sister: Women, Friendship, and FulfillmentWitnessGrump Groan GrowlTeaching Critical Thinking: Practical Wisdom Sources Davis, Amanda. bell hooks. The Greenwood Encyclopedia of African American Literature. Westport (Conn.): Greenwood press, 2005. 787-791. Print.Henderson, Carol E.. bell hooks. Dictionary of Literary Biography: Volume 246. Detroit: Gale Group, 2001. 219-228. Print.Shelton, Pamela L., and Melissa L. Evans. bell hooks. Feminist writers. Detroit: St. James Press, 1996. 237-239. Print.Thompson, Clifford, John Wakeman, and Vineta Colby. bell hooks. World Authors. [Verschiedene Aufl.] ed. New York: Wilson, 1975. 342-346. Print. Suggested Reading: bell hooks Quotes5 Important Books About African American FeminismKey Feminist TheoristsFamous African American WomenFamous Feminists and the History of Feminism

The Russian Revolution Of 1917 - 1294 Words

Russia 1917, harsh working conditions, famine, and all power to one leader. Russia was living in discord presumably through political oppression, furthermore, political oppression inspires violence and terrorism. It affects daily residents because they’re under control of whoever is in charge. Terrorism tears people apart. The Russian Revolution in 1917 started because of the political oppression and ended in a dictatorship because humans are power hungry. It also continues to leave citizens with anxiety and stress and they can’t trust any leaders. Political oppression affects daily residents because we trust our will take care of us and when the leader is corrupt, people react with violence and terrorism. When these things happen in extreme measures, it becomes utter chaos. But political oppression can happen in the smallest ways. When I was in fifth grade. The teacher abused her power by locking me in a room for 45 minutes and my classmates were very angry at this injustice. To clarify this statement, I will explain furthermore. I was having conflict with another girl in my grade, let s call her Em. I had already went to my teacher and the principal of the school about the issue because she would make fun of me and spread rumors. Em told the guidance counselor her side of the story and when I was sent to resolve this issue, the counselor wouldn’t allow me to speak. In fact, she told me (I quote), â€Å"I don’t like your character†. Of course when you’re ten years old andShow MoreRelatedThe Russia n Revolution Of 19171109 Words   |  5 Pagessole cause of the Russian Revolution of 1917. Even before the outbreak of war, the Russian population were largely dissatisfied with the government under the Tsarist regime. Though the Great War played a role in sparking the Russian Revolution, with much of the unstable faith in the Tsar collapsing in Military Russia, it would be naà ¯ve to discredit the mounting economic and social pressures that contributed to the fall of the Tsarist Regime, and the beginning of the Revolution. Leading up to theRead MoreThe Russian Revolution Of 19171619 Words   |  7 PagesThe Russian Revolution of 1917 involved the collapse of an empire under Tsar Nicholas II and the rise of Marxian socialism under Lenin and his Bolsheviks. It sparked the beginning of a new era in Russia that had effects on countries around the world. In the years leading up to the Russian Revolution of 1917, the country had a succession of wars. These were, The Crimean War (1854-56), The Russo-Turkish War (1877-78), The Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905), and World War I (1914-18). All of these requiredRead MoreThe Russian Revolution Of 1917943 Words   |  4 PagesThe Russian Revolution of 1917 was an event that many historians have offered different perspectives on, as it was the start of a regime that greatly impacted the history of totalitarianism. Though much went on during 1917, the February Revolution and the fall of Tsarist regime was an event that created dialogue and prompted historians to pose perspectives as to what factors contributed to the Russian Monarchy ending in catastrophe. Many of these perspectives are focused on personalities. Some historiansRead MoreThe Russian Revolution Of 19171594 Words   |  7 PagesThe Russian Revolution of 1917 did not just suddenly happen overnight, just as there was no main reason w hy it happened. The Revolution was more like a virus or bad bacteria. At first you barely notice it, even though you know it is there, but soon it starts to multiply and take over your body and before you know it you have been diagnosed with a terminal illness. There are about 4 or 5 significant reasons why there was the revolution of 1917, with the Russian Tsar Nicolas II to be the blame forRead MoreThe Russian Revolution Of 19171646 Words   |  7 PagesThe Russian Revolution of 1917 brought with it the fall of 300 years of Romanov rule and marked the beginning of the transition of Tsarism to Communism, from which Lenin established the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, succeeded by Stalin. The Revolution is worthy of investigation as it is arguably the most significant event of the 20th century, considering that it helped shape many other subsequent events such as the Second World War and the Cold War. The Bolsheviks’ triumph can be accountedRead MoreThe Russian Revolut ion Of 19171946 Words   |  8 Pages The Russian Revolution of 1917 set the country on a course that few other countries took in the 20th century. The shift from the direction of a democratic, parliamentary-style government to a one party communist rule was a drastic change that many did not and could not predict. Looking back on this key moment in Russian history, many historians ask the question ‘why did the political power in Russia shift to the Bolsheviks’? Since the revolution in 1905 Russia was becoming progressively more democraticRead MoreThe Russian Revolution Of 1917848 Words   |  4 PagesThe Russian Revolution of 1917 was a product of growing agitation within Russia as a result of various factors, both internally and externally of Russia. The detachment of the Tsar to the wants and needs of the people, in concurrence with their involvement in World War One, led to an uprising and revolution. Many historians describe the outcomes of this revolution using Marxist theory, explaining the key ideologies that come in to play as the revolution comes to an end and the newly established BolshevikRead MoreThe Russian Revolution Of 19171563 Words   |  7 PagesThe Russian Revolution of 1917 swept the country into an entirely new epoch, changing a monarch-led country into the Soviet Union and spreading the red of communism in waves through generations. A powerful team of Vladimir Lenin and Leon Trotsky organized the Bolsheviks, or Red Army, in political and military strategy against the Menshevik White Army. Part of their success came from the lack of unification of the Mensheviks. While the White Army banded together under a simply ‘anti-Bolshevik’ policyRead MoreThe Russian Revolutions of 1917 Essay1326 Words   |  6 PagesThe Russian Revolutions of 1917 There were two revolutions that occurred in Russia in 1917. The first one, in February, overthrew the Russian monarchy. The second one, in October, created the world’s first Communist state. The Russian revolutions of 1917 involved a series of uprisings by workers and peasants throughout the country and by soldiers, who were predominantly of peasant origin, in the Russian army. Many of the uprisings were organized and led byRead More1917 Russian Revolution Essay1114 Words   |  5 PagesRussian Revolution Essay. Throughout history there have been many revolutions between the population of a country and its government. People always want change, usually in the directions of freedom, peace and equality and in the lead up to the 1917 Russian revolution; there were a variety of social, political and economic situations that all played their part. In the years leading up to the revolution, Russia had been involved in a series of wars. The Crimean war, The Russo-Turkish war, The Russo-Japanese

Cell and Molecular Biology Free Essays

Cell and Molecular Biology Final Name: Hadeel Binomar30 pts. Protein misfolding can be an aspect of several different human disorders, including cystic fibrosis, Alzheimer’s disease, and atherosclerosis. Many times, the misfolded protein is a membrane protein. We will write a custom essay sample on Cell and Molecular Biology or any similar topic only for you Order Now In fact, a type of diabetes insipidus results from a mutation in the G-protein-coupled vasopressin 2 receptor that prevents the protein from making it to the cell membrane A) Describe how this type of receptor would normally get targeted to the membrane (from the beginning of translation) and B) then propose one mechanism by which the mutation could cause a lack of proper targeting. One of the most important protein’s target is G protein-coupled receptors, several signaling mechanisms depend on this type of receptor to change both internal and external stimuli to the intracellular responses. Basically, one of the G couple receptor subfamilies is G-coupled Vasopressin-2- Receptor (V2R), and this receptor is going through a strict quality control process at the endoplasmic reticulum, which presents the only correctly folded protein to gets through the secretory pathway. The primary function of the V2 receptor is to activate the attached G protein that bound to the ? subunit then phosphorylated to GTP. The G protein couple receptor then activates the enzyme adenylate cyclase that catalyzes the reaction in the ER and forms cAMP from ATP. After that, cAMP acts as a second messenger and activates a protein kinase that phosphorylates the integral membrane proteins on the cell surface. Moreover, the secretory pathway organelles’ and the plasma membrane both are first introduced into the Endoplasmic reticulum, and the co-translationally proteins that can cross the ER are synthesized by the ribosome first then binds by chaperones to gets moves to the ER surface using GTP that allows them to move toward the receptor then release it. The soluble proteins and the integral membrane proteins as I mentioned above, can be targeted through the ER and then translocated by the same mechanism.Further, several mutations occurring in the transmembrane region which affect the structure of the protein. These are multiple mutation sites, such as mutations occurring in the amino acid residues which was acting as a causative agent for human disease. Also, there are other mutations occurring on the single site position that will affect the translation mechanism and cause many human diseases like: cystic fibrosis, Alzheimer’s disease, and atherosclerosis that proves the function of V2R protein which plays important role in the translation during the protein folding process. One of the mechanism that may a reason for lacking the proper target protein is when the mutations of the CFTR gene occurring and affect the function of the chloride ion channels and cause defect in the protein sequences which lead to the production of diseases and misfolded of the proteins that are unable to recognize their functional destinations. Otherwise, Lack of the stop signals is another issue that prevents the protein from getting into the surface of the ER, also called the non-stop decay cellular pathway, because lack of this stop signals prevents mRNA from synthesis and translate the proteins, these consider as a point mutation that inhibits the essential stop codons. 30 pts. Describe the experiment shown in figure 3 from the paper we discussed in class (Miller et al, 2003). (A) In your description, consider the following questions: Why did they do it? How did they do it? What did they learn? (B) Diagram the results that you would expect to see in Lanes T, 1, 2, 3, and 4, if the amino acid signal DID in the protein Gap1p was mutated to random amino acids and tell why; and (C) Give two possible (different) results that might occur if the amino acid signal LxxLE in Bet1p was mutated to the amino acids DID (which are the signal in Gap1p). Diagram the results expected in Lanes T, 1, 2, 3, and 4 and explain why you predicted this result for each case.left20840701.A001.A4467225201739500The experiment was performed to study the role of cargo binding domain of Sec24p in the process of protein sorting. To perform this study, both mutant and wild types subunit Sec23/24p and Sec23/24L616W were harvested from microsomal membranes. The immunoblotting assay performed to quantify cargo molecules using radio-labeled secondary antibodies. Comparison of the mutant subunit with wild type illustrated omission of some molecules in mutant one, these molecules were cargo protein molecules. While some of them are packed in a way that similar to the wild-type. It meant that there were some signals that remained unaffected although mutation was there. Unexpectedly, it was found that in these unaffected molecules of mutation in Sec23/24p, packaging was better than the wild type. Further, they found the proteins that were highly affected had Bet1p and Gap1p/Sys1p chimera, because they completely depending on the Sys1p di-acidic of COPII vesicles. If the amino acid signal DID in the protein Gap1p was mutated to random amino acids, the resulting bands would be seen as in figure 1. A because the amino acids might be present in all the lanes. And Gap1p is required for di-acidic motifs to fuse together with the COPII vesicles at the mutated domain. Also, Sys1 peptide is not involved in Sec 23/24p hence its mutation is not contained in a di-acidic motif. If the signal LxxLE was mutated to the DID, the expected Bet1p packaging would be shown in figure 2. A as not be seen in lanes containing Bet1p because the amino acid signal LxxLE does not exit after mutating to amino acids DID. The second probability for the Bet1p would be expected to bind with the vesicle for packaging when it interacts with di-acidic motifs which is needed as shown in figure 2.B290512515621000581025113030004781550412752.B002.B6286501346202.A002.A20 pts. Explain the experiment shown in Figure 5C from the Shen et al. (2018) paper on the phosphorylation of CDC25 that we discussed in class. In addition, be sure to also address the following: A) why did they do this experiment (the central issue); B) what did they learn; and C) what is another control experiment they could have done? D) Would these results change if you added a constitutively active form of LKB1 to the reaction? If so, how and why? A) Overall, the main purpose of this paper is to explain how the division of cells is highly regulated such that cells that fail to pass some specific stage-based tests cannot advance to the proceeding stages. In this particular experiment, HeLa cells were subjected to chemicals that are known to activate the enzyme AMPK. Also, the main catabolic processes that are involved to generate energy for cells to transition from G1/G2 were determined by the application of radiochemical approaches, the experiment required to approve how highly conserved cellular energy sensor can significantly delay mitosis entry and activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Further, Wee 1 family inactivates the cell cycle G2/M Phase which is controlled by Cdc3/cyclic B (mitotic cyclin-dependent kinase complex). They found that AMPK-dependents phosphorylation of CDC25C arranges a metabolic control point for the M-phase transition and the cell cycle phase G2. B) Also, they learned that suppression of Wee 1 or acute induction partially reinstates mitosis ingress in the circumstance of activated protein kinase (AMPK). This experiment showed that when Phosphorylates Cdc25 is in a distributive and disordered state, it results into ultra-sensitivity in protein phosphorylation. C) For another control experiment, they might try exposing the U2OS (cell line) clones conditionally exhibiting Cdc25A etoposide. That will help to test whether Cdc25A degradation is significant for the G2 control point or not.D) If they add an active form of LKB1 to the reaction, the results will not change, because in cells LKBI activity inhibits AMPK activation in response to different stimulations. Also, LKBI is lost upon consistent isolation and therefore no effects of phosphates observed.20 pts. Briefly describe the role of cyclin-CDK in the cell cycle and give an example of positive and negative control in this system. Also, describe how cell cycle regulation links to the stimulation of apoptosis at the molecular level. In the beginning, the cell cycle depends on many basic factors that control the regulation process starting from the signal transcription molecules, growth factors and the Cyclin Dependent Kinases enzymes include the checkpoints which control the transition process between the cell cycle phases by binding to the cyclin proteins CDKs then phosphorylate other proteins to transfer from one phase to another. The role of transcription factors is to turn on the signals for gene expression, DNA replication, and cell divisions. As an example of CDKs, cyclin-dependent kinase 1 CDK1 is a cell division cycle protein homolog 2, that has a primary role in human cancer cells because CDK1 rather than any types of CDKs is fatal to the mutated version of MYC- dependent cancer that leads to a depletion of oncogenes like (Fos and Jun) in human cancer cells. Fos and Jun are combined forms of the transcription factor called AP1 that activates the delayed response genes such as cyclin D and CDK4. Recent studies reveal that the reason for the MYC breast cancer cells duplation is targeting CDF1 exhibit any other CDKs cell lines. Also, CDK1 inhibition can control and target the cancer cells in human and both phosphorylation and expression of MYC during the cell cycle process. To initiate intracellular signaling pathways and stimulate the cell cycle entry, mitogens substance bind to the cell surface receptor with the activation form of GTPase Ras that activates MAP kinase cascade. That will lead to the expression of encoding gene of the transcription regulatory protein like MYC. Moreover, E2F transcription factor is a target for cyclin D and CDKs that stimulate proteins expression to initiate S phase, also E2F regulated by the tumor suppressor gene Rb (Retinoblastoma protein). At early G1 Phase, Rb protein combined with E2f to form the histone deacetylases protein that remains chromatic condensed, then cyclin kinase phosphorylates Rb protein, causing it to disassociate from E2F. That allows recruitment of histone acetylates, which decondense the chromatin and helps transcription complexes to form in G1 and S phase and to form a positive feedback. For the negative control, if there are no growth factors present to stimulate the synthesis of Cyclin D in the new cell, Rb phosphorylated will turn off, and Rb will rebind to E2F, then the cell cycle will stop and that will lead to many negative results like prevent it to bind with DNA, or DNA damage and cells will return to the G0 phase. Apoptosis is a consequence of DNA damage; if the damage is not repaired, the cell cycle will divert towards apoptosis, otherwise, if the cell has DNA defects and fail to undergo apoptosis, that will change to the cancer cell. G1 phase regulators such as P53 and E2F are essential to promote the cell regulations and eliminate any damage or abnormal changes during the cell cycle. P53 has a primary function to prevent any mutation in DNA during cell progression, so any defect in P53 will lead to cancer, and it’s usually mutated in cancer cells. Further, Rb protein considers as a tumor suppressor and also promotes apoptosis. Additionally, most human cancers have inactive Rb protein, either mutated Rb or the non-phosphorylated (inactivated form) of Rb protein How to cite Cell and Molecular Biology, Papers

Article Review of Decision Support Systems-Samples for Students

Question: Write the article review on decision support systems. Answer: Article review of decision support systems Organizations in general use Decision Support Systems (DSS) to give PC based help to pioneers blamed for dealing with semi-sorted out and unstructured issues. Studies exhibit that DSS is fruitful if the customers' arrangement objectives or execution wants of the system are met. This is in light of the fact that the information needs of the customers (the pioneers) are appropriately met by the DSS (Chou Chang 2008) Furthermore, late data frameworks consider utilize subjective measures, for example, client encounter, saw happiness and convenience, to pressure the significance of psychological and full of feeling observations in DSS. Most associations began with information handling frameworks that help exchange preparing and develop administration data frameworks to help strategic and vital basic leadership. In a previous couple of years, another kind of frameworks called a Decision Support System (DSS) has picked up prevalence in the data framework field. The topic of estimating the effectiveness of DSS has all the earmarks of being the fortune of the client i.e. perceived effectiveness. (Ben-Zvi, 2010). Basing my arguments on the article, a gap on literature review is well elaborated. Several studies have been carried out by various scholars to determine the effectiveness of DSS in different settings. For instance, Bharati Chaudhury (2004), researched online choice emotionally supportive networks. Crowston et al. (1999) inspected open and bias-free source programming improvement settings. According to Reinig (2009), he considered community-oriented advancements, for example, gather emotionally supportive networks and their effect on execution. Those examinations primarily centered around the direct impacts of framework outline and use on results and client execution. Less DSS considers have incorporated choice process factors, such as saw helpfulness, fulfillment, satisfaction, and saw ease of utilization (Kamis Stohr 2008). The generally modest figure of concentrates that put in place choice process factors in studies for might be the aftereffect of the regularly utilized authori tative setting for such investigations, where process factors such as states of mind may seem not so much vital but rather blander and along these lines difficult to catch or measure. Likewise, when DSS fill the main need of achieving a specific objective, scientists' consideration is typically centered on that objective (and approaches to accomplish it) and less accentuation is set on DSS process factors.( Kamis et al., 2008). Additionally, experimental investigations that measure apparent effectiveness display contradicting outcomes. A few analysts report the effective execution of DSS (Garrity et al., 2008) According to Chan (2009), different researchers give no help to the preface that the utilization of DSS enhances individual or collective choice-making adequacy. In an investigation of undertaking multifaceted nature, Dulcic et al (2012), found that the DSS did not influence subjects' execution. Courtney et al (2008), contended that a large number of the choices they checked in their research facility DSS research were "ill-structured. According to the article, a simulation method was used to conduct the research. On that regard, DSS is felt through the simulation. The research is expanded by moving the concentration to the frameworks, the clients, and the effect on execution. Classes of understudies framed gatherings and took an interest in a reenactment work out. The gatherings, mimicking organizations in an industry, created DSS that were later described also, examined. Moreover, a few factors identified with DSS seen adequacy were assessed and contrasted with gathering execution. According to Ben-Zvi (2012) a simulation case with 652 senior graduate understudies who made DSS and expounded on the systems made. The article demonstrates that DSS clients who see the framework as compelling connect to enhanced organization execution. However, investing noteworthy HR in building up a framework does not really ensure improved execution. Moreover, the examination embodies how client characteristics can affect apparent effectiveness (Chen and Lin, 2009). The effectiveness of the simulation was measured by how the company performed. In terms of net profits, market share, investment and equity return. Net profit was influenced by the organization's choices, recreated client conduct, and the opposition alternate organizations in the business. Around the complete of each run, after the last course of action of decisions had been made, each social affair was required to show its DSS in class and to introduce a report which incorporated: an importance of the degree of the structure, a decision examination, a system design and a discussion of the dedication of the structure in achieving the get-together's objectives in the midst of the entertainment. At that same assembling, each one of the understudies was requested to complete a short individual poll on the DSS undertaking (Mahdavi et al., 2010). The findings show that most of the groups selected information officer during the different runs. All associations point by point developing an information system, but none of the associations uncovered genuine changes in the midst of the run. About 65% of the companies developed a complicated tool of analysis where-else the 35% developed a graphics output (shown in the article) the refinement. Furthermore, multifaceted nature of the models used varied on a very basic level from essential spreadsheet examinations to an intricate straight model. It can't be attested that the scattering of characteristics of structures accurately measures that as a general rule, the level of an average assortment of systems made in view of existing instruments, appears to be very genuine. To ensure that the results were valid, they were compared to the previous findings. A few factors identified with DSS saw viability was broke down. Next, organization execution was critically analyzed with respect to the created DSS. At that point, took a look at framework multifaceted nature and inner consistency among the questionnaire's things. The article denotes several implications for management practice in a company. The results demonstrate a solid and huge reliance of organization performance on five factors: framework's handiness, client fulfillment, the commitment of the DSS to the assorted utilitarian regions and to the whole organization achievement and whether the DSS lived up to its desires. It appears that the more prominent the fulfillment from the created framework in meeting its planned point as set by the clients, the better the organization's execution in the reenactment. Utilizing the framework additionally adds to organization execution; in any case, this outcome isn't measurably critical. System complexity was also put in place to determine the perceived effectiveness, company execution, and user satisfaction. The level of complexity was analyzed according to the previous studies and then developed systems from all runs. Diverse levels of many-sided quality were resolved: plain many-sided quality, direct and multifaceted many-sided quality. Unmistakably organizations with plain multifaceted nature communicated most lessened levels of clear viability and customer satisfaction and moreover displayed an underneath ordinary execution. Organizations with a moderate framework many-sided quality communicated the most abnormal amounts of apparent effectiveness whats more, client fulfillment and furthermore exhibited the most noteworthy execution, in spite of the fact that moderately near that of organizations with a multifaceted system framework. The article suggests that the reasonability of reenactments as stages for completing DSS is two ways. In the first place, members hone the claim to fame of essential initiative; individuals are stimulated, induced, what's more, attempt to settle on better decisions; they end up being adequately drawn in with the reenacted fundamental authority process and in their favored progression of MIS and DSS. Second, because the reenactment is especially practical, the individuals themselves plot the association between the essential administration shapes, the created information systems (Lin Tu, 2012) Moreover, the outcomes have implications for practitioners and researchers. For researchers, the investigation illustrates the significance of including subjective measures while inspecting DSS adequacy. All things considered, researchers should be careful about utilizing distinctive measures of framework adequacy and execution. While a few measures are emphatically connected with framework saw viability or organization execution, different variables don't present a coordinate effect. Furthermore, analysts ought to plainly determine what the correct nature of the deliberate factors Practitioner implications are also very significant. The article clearly shows the essential connection amongst complexity and execution to demonstrate that multifaceted frameworks don't really ensure better outcomes. In general, simulation urges understudies to apply logical ideas learned through formal lessons to make a framework that backings critical thinking exercises utilizing the accessible information. A definitive outcome will be more viable MIS and DSS in reality. Additionally, practitioners need to comprehend that a non-appearance of strong behavioral indications of framework acknowledgment, foster in describing a framework or usage of the framework may not so much achieve a negative outcome. User contribution in a framework improvement or then again configuration process may connote a superior specialized or operational fit. For instance, a superior utilization of technology yet as this investigation appeared, this does not really recommend upgraded performance. Truth be told, there could be extremely different variables that affect execution. By understanding the obvious measures of DSS reasonability and association execution, specialists could make an interpretation of data identifying with those measures more correctly. Despite the findings in the article, credibility issues of the article are noted. The simulation is exceptionally mind-boggling and wide to give issues and practical basic leadership reproduction. No particular reenactment that can incorporate all progression of data frameworks. Since the reenactment decisions are more shortsighted than those of this present reality, the DSS required helping the decisions are less solid than those in actuality (Sharma et al., 2010). Thus, the appropriateness and all-inclusive statement of the discoveries ought to be joined by another examination and basically dissected. There is have to know the way recreations can be coordinated to investigate the more unpredictable flow of DSS. It is likewise not certain whether the self-reports reflect genuine lead of framework customers in actuality. Future examinations can give definite outcomes utilizing target measures. References Ben-Zvi, T., 2010 The efficacy of business simulation games in creating Decision Support Systems: An experimental investigation.Decision Support Systems,49(1), pp.61-69. Ben-Zvi, T., 2012 Measuring the perceived effectiveness of decision support systems and their impact on performance.Decision Support Systems,54(1), pp.248-256. Bharati, P. and Chaudhury, A., 2004 An empirical investigation of decision-making satisfaction in web-based decision support systems.Decision support systems,37(2), pp.187-197. Chan, S.H., 2009 The roles of user motivation to perform a task and decision support system (DSS) effectiveness and efficiency in DSS use.Computers in Human Behavior,25(1), pp.217-228. Chen, L. and Lin, C., 2009 DSS interaction: a simulation experiment.SIGHCI 2009 Proceedings, p.17. Chou, S.Y. and Chang, Y.H., 2008 A decision support system for supplier selection based on a strategy-aligned fuzzy SMART approach.Expert systems with applications,34(4), pp.2241-2253. Courtney, J., Merali, Y., Paradice, D. and Wynn, E., 2008 On the study of complexity in information systems.International Journal of Information Technologies and the Systems Approach,1(2). Dulcic, Z., Pavlic, D. and Silic, I., 2012 Evaluating the intended use of Decision Support System (DSS) by applying Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) in business organizations in Croatia.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,58, pp.1565-1575. Field, D., Garrity, G., Gray, T., Morrison, N., Selengut, J., Sterk, P., Tatusova, T., Thomson, N., Allen, M.J., Angiuoli, S.V. and Ashburner, M., 2008 The minimum information about a genome sequence (MIGS) specification.Nature biotechnology,26(5), p.541. Kamis, A., Koufaris, M. and Stern, T., 2008 Using an attribute-based decision support system for user-customized products online: an experimental investigation.MIs Quarterly, pp.159-177. Lin, Y.L. and Tu, Y.Z., 2012 The values of college students in business simulation game: A means-end chain approach.Computers Education,58(4), pp.1160-1170. Mahdavi, I., Shirazi, B. and Solimanpur, M., 2010 Development of a simulation-based decision support system for controlling stochastic flexible job shop manufacturing systems.Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory,18(6), pp.768-786. Malone, T.W., Crowston, K., Lee, J., Pentland, B., Dellarocas, C., Wyner, G., Quimby, J., Osborn, C.S., Bernstein, A., Herman, G. and Klein, M., 1999 Tools for inventing organizations: Toward a handbook of organizational processes.Management Science,45(3), pp.425-443. Nunamaker Jr, J.F., Reinig, B.A. and Briggs, R.O., 2009 Principles for effective virtual teamwork.Communications of the ACM,52(4), pp.113-117. Sharma, R., Reynolds, P., Scheepers, R., Seddon, P.B. and Shanks, G.G., 2010 August. Business Analytics and Competitive Advantage: A Review and a Research Agenda. InDSS(pp. 187-198).